In Western
popular music,
women musicians
have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, however,
there are relatively few women DJs or turntablists. Part of this may
stem from a general low percentage of women in audio technology-related
jobs. A 2013
Sound on Sound article stated that there are "...few women in
record production and
sound engineering."
Ncube states that "[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male,
and although there are female producers achieving great things in music,
they are less well-known than their male counterparts." The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In
hip hop music,
the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the
overall male domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of
the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are
men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare.
In 2007 Mark Katz's article "Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and
the DJ Battle," stated that "very few women [do turntablism] battle[s];
the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for
years."
In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states "the male-centricity of EDM culture"
contributes to "a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces."
While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated,
Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women
across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as
"male
technophilia."
Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with
this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement
with technology. She explains: "an exclusive focus on women's supposed
failure to enter the field … is insufficient for understanding how our
stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden
of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly
inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of
masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys
have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been
socialized as technophiles."
Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers
and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate
to both.
She suggests that women's alienation from "areas that have a strong
technological tendency such as DJ-ing, sound engineering and producing"
are "not necessarily about her dislike of these instruments but relates
to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations." Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually and collectively, and "carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture". A 2015 article cited a number of prominent female DJs:
Hannah Wants,
Ellen Allien,
Miss Kittin,
Monika Kruse,
Nicole Moudaber,
B.Traits,
Magda,
Nina Kraviz,
Nervo, and
Annie Mac.
There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London. Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive.For example,
Discwoman,
a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as
"representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer
talent.
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